Larval Fish: Family Apogonidae
Cardinal fishes (Apogonidae) are common inhabitants of the waters around
Carrie Bow Cay. They are largely nocturnal, hiding in caves, crevices, and overhangs during the
day and coming out to forage at night. Most western Atlantic species are reddish in color, with or
without various dark markings. Larvae are also characterized by their reddish color, sometimes
with the addition of some yellow pigment in the fins. Various species or "types" can be
distinguished by variations in the kind and distribution of pigment, but not all of them have been
conclusively linked to adult species. There is little or no variation in meristic characters between
the local apogonid species, and identification is largely based on color pattern. Only when the distinctive adult patterns begin to develop can the larvae be identified.
(Please click on the image to see it in full view.)
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Apogonidae, 10 mm SL, USNM 353945: This specimen has no red or yellow on fins; it has small black spots on the pelvic fins. |
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Apogon maculatus, 12 mm SL, USNM 353961: The three characteristic markings of this
species are beginning to develop: the short dark stripe behind the eye, the dark, saddle-like spot at
the posterior base of the soft dorsal fin, and the dark bar on the caudal peduncle. The dorsal and anal fins have no red or yellow pigment. |
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Apogon maculatus, 12 mm SL, USNM 353962: Although the same size as the previous
specimen, this one is slightly more advanced in its development. The three dark markings are somewhat more extensive. Note that the caudal bar begins as two discrete spots, above and below the midline, which later enlarge and merge. |
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Apogon planifrons, 11.5 mm SL, USNM 352908: The dark bar is located below rather
than behind the second dorsal fin and does not reach all the way to the ventral margin. At 11.5 mm, the bars are almost completely developed. |
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Apogonidae, 11 mm SL, USNM 353126: This specimen has no red on the fins, but it has
yellow on both the spinous dorsal fin and the pelvic fins. There are also small black spots on the pelvic fins. Its identity has not been determined. |
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Apogonidae, 11 mm SL, USNM 353532: Note the strong red pigment on both the spinous
dorsal and pelvic fins, the two reddish patches on the soft dorsal and anal fins, the reddish patches on the caudal fin, and the reddish spot on the caudal peduncle. There are no obvious black markings developing. Its identity has not be determined. |
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Apogonidae, 8 mm SL, USNM 353894: Note the red on the basal part of soft dorsal, anal and pelvic fins, and the yellow on spinous dorsal fin. There are no black spots on the pelvic fins. |
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Phaeoptyx, 15 mm SL, USNM 353897: Black pigment is distributed as small spots scattered over the entire body, and a diffuse dark bar on the caudal peduncle.
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Astrapogon, 10 mm SL, USNM 353895: The three species of Astrapogon are
distinguished by differences in the number of gill rakers, the relative length of the pelvic fins, and
subtle differences in the shape of the snout; none of which is very useful in larvae. The number of
gill rakers overlaps between species, making that character even less useful. We have not been able to make a specific identification of our larvae. Astrapogon larvae are quite striking in appearance, with their large, heavily pigmented pelvic fins and prominent, dendritic melanophores on the body.
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Astrapogon, 16 mm SL, reared, USNM 354557: This specimen was reared from a capture size of approximately 10 mm to 16 mm SL. |
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